Monterrey, Mexico Yakatarisana Nedambudziko Rakanyanya Remhando Yemhepo Nekuda Kwekusvibiswa Kwemaindasitiri

Monterrey, nzvimbo huru yemaindasitiri muMexico, iri kurwisana nemamwe mamiriro emhepo akaipa muNorth America, kunyanya nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwemaindasitiri. Mipiro yakawanda inobva kumafekitori anogadzira zvinhu zvemisika yemuno neyekunze, kusanganisira United States, iri kuramba ichikanganisa mamiriro emhepo muguta, zvichikonzera njodzi huru dzehutano kune vagari vayo.

Kusvibiswa Kwakanyanya muNorth America

Monterrey, musha wevanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni mashanu, ine imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kusvibiswa kwezvimedu zvidiki (PM2.5) muMexico, zvichipfuura huwandu hwakaonekwa mumaguta makuru eUS seLos Angeles. Kusvibiswa kwezvimedu zvidiki, kusanganisira zvidimbu zvidiki pane 2.5 micrometers mudhayamita, kwakabatana nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehutano, kubva kuzvirwere zvekufema kusvika kumatambudziko emwoyo. Kugara kwenguva refu kunogona kupfupisa zvakanyanya hupenyu hwemunhu.

Mishumo ichangoburwa inoratidza kuti kusvibiswa kwemhepo muMonterrey kunogara kuri kaviri kupfuura kunowanikwa muLos Angeles, dzimwe nguva kuchinzi "kusvibiswa kwakanyanya." Kusvibiswa uku kunopfuura zvakanyanya miganhu inokurudzirwa neWorld Health Organization (WHO) uye inyaya inonetsa vagari vemuguta nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza nekuda kwenzvimbo yeMonterrey iri pedyo nenzvimbo huru dzemaindasitiri.

Kukanganisa Hutano uye Kunetseka Kunowedzera

Kupararira kuri kuramba kuchiita kusvibiswa kwemhepo muMonterrey kwakabatana nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehutano, anosanganisira zvirwere zvekufema zvisingaperi, chirwere chemwoyo, uye kufa nguva isati yakwana. Zvipatara zviri munharaunda iyi zvinoshuma kuwedzera kwevanopinda muzvipatara nekuda kwematambudziko ekufema, kuwedzera kweasthma, nezvimwe zvirwere zvine chekuita nemhepo isina kunaka. Vana nevakwegura ndivo vari panjodzi huru, zvikoro zviri munharaunda iyi zvichishuma kuwedzera kwematambudziko ekufema.

Vagari vemunharaunda iyi vakataura nezvekusafara kwavo pamusoro pemhinduro yehurumende inononoka padambudziko rekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kunyange zvazvo maguta mazhinji pasi rose akaita kufambira mberi mukuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo kuburikidza nemitemo yakaoma, kusvibiswa kweMonterrey kuri kuramba kuchikwira, kunyanya nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo kubva kumafekitori nemafekitori emaindasitiri munharaunda iyi.

Nekuda kweizvi, vagari vazhinji vakatanga kutsvaga nzira dzekuvandudza hunhu hwemhepo inobuda mumba. pekugara Kudzoreredza Simba mafekitori (ERVs) uye maventilator ekudzoreredza simba mukamuri rimwe cheteyakwira, sezvo vanhu vachiedza kuderedza kusvibiswa nezvinokuvadza mudzimba dzavo. Sisitimu Yekufefetedzazvinogona kubatsira kusvina tsvina uye kuona kuti mhepo yemukati inoramba yakachena, zvichipa nharaunda yakachengeteka yekufema.

Kusvibiswa Kwemaindasitiri seMupi Mukuru

Kushanda kwemaindasitiri ndiko kwakanyanya kukonzera dambudziko rekusvibiswa kwemhepo muMonterrey, zvichikonzera inenge 60% yekusvibiswa kwemhepo muguta. Mafekitori, mafekitori emagetsi, nenzvimbo dzekudzokorodza zvinhu zvinoita basa guru mukuburitsa makemikari ane chepfu, anosanganisira simbi dzinorema, carbon dioxide, uye sulfur dioxide, zvese izvi zvinopa huwandu hwakanyanya hwekusvibiswa kwenzvimbo iyi. Mazhinji emafekitori aya anogadzira simbi dzakaraswa nemarara ane njodzi kubva kuUnited States, zvichiwedzera kusvibiswa kwenharaunda yemuno.

Mafekitori ari pedyo nenzvimbo dzekugara nezvikoro ndiwo anonyanya kukanganiswa neutsi hwemaindasitiri. Mukupindura, mamwe mabhizinesi nezvikoro zvakatanga kuisa masisitimu ekufema anodzoreredza simba kuvandudza hunhu hwemhepo yemumba uye kudzivirira vanhu kubva kutsvina yekunze. Masisitimu aya akagadzirwa kubvisa zvidimbu zvinokuvadza mumhepo uku achiwana simba, zvichiita kuti zvive chishandiso chinoshanda chekugadzira nharaunda dzakachengeteka.

Kuratidzira Kwenharaunda uye Kukurudzira Kutora Chiito

Sezvo dambudziko rekusvibiswa kwemhepo riri kuramba richikura, mapoka emunharaunda akaronga kuratidzira, achida kuti hurumende dzemuno nedzehurumende dzitore matanho akasimba ekugadzirisa hunhu hwemhepo. Varwi vari kukurudzira mitemo yakaoma pamusoro pemaindasitiri uye kusimbiswa kuri nani kwemitemo yezvakatipoteredza iripo. Vagari vazhinji vakangoona huwandu hwese hwekusvibiswa kwemhepo pavanenge vachifamba kunzvimbo dzakachena, zvichiratidza musiyano mukuru wehunhu hwemhepo.

Uyezve, mabhizinesi ari munzvimbo dzakasviba zvakanyanya ave achiisa mafekitori ekudzoreredza simba remabhizinesi kuchengetedza vashandi vavo. Masisitimu aya anobatsira kubvisa tsvina mumhepo uku vachitora simba rakawanda uye vachirishandisazve, zvichipa nzvimbo yakachengeteka uye ine hutano kune vashandi.

Kuedza kweHurumende neMaindasitiri Kugadzirisa Dambudziko Iri

Hurumende yedunhu yabvuma kuti dambudziko rekusvibiswa riri kuramba richienderera mberi, asi kufambira mberi kwave kunonoka. Vakuru vemunharaunda vari pasi pekumanikidzwa kusimbisa mitemo yekuburitsa utsi mumaindasitiri, kuvandudza masisitimu ekutarisa, uye kuona kuti mitemo yezvakatipoteredza yatevedzerwa zviri nani. Panguva iyi, mapoka ezvakatipoteredza ari kukumbira kuti pave nekujeka kukuru, vachikurudzira veruzhinji kuti vazive nezvehuwandu hwekusvibiswa uye kuti maindasitiri azvidavirire pakubudisa utsi.

Kuwedzera kune zviri kuitwa nehurumende nemaindasitiri, kwave nekufarira kuri kuwedzera kushandisa masisitimu ekufema anodzoreredza simba semhinduro yenguva pfupi yekuvandudza mhando yemhepo yemumba. Masisitimu aya anogona kubvisa tsvina inokuvadza kubva mumhepo uye kuita kuti mhepo itsva ifambe nguva dzose pasina kutambisa simba. Kushandiswa kwemasisitimu aya mudzimba, muzvikoro, nenzvimbo dzebasa kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kusangana nezvinhu zvinokuvadza, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza hutano nekugara zvakanaka kwevagari.

Kuzvikoro nemabhizinesi, kuisa mari mu masisitimu ekufema anodzoreredza simba rave danho rakakosha mukuderedza migumisiro yakaipa yekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Masisitimu aya anogona kubvisa zvinhu zvidiki kubva munzvimbo dziri mukati, zvichiita kuti zvive chishandiso chakakosha mukuvandudza mhando yemhepo munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru.

Nzira Yekumberi

Sezvo Monterrey iri kutarisana nedambudziko rekusvibiswa kwemhepo, kudiwa kwemhinduro dzemhepo yakachena, dzakadai se masisitimu ekufema anodzoreredza simba, inotarisirwa kukwira. Guta richimirira kupindira kwehurumende, vanhu nemakambani vari kushandisa tekinoroji kuti vazvidzivirire kubva kumigumisiro yakaipa yekusvibiswa kwemaindasitiri. Nekushandisa masisitimu ekufema anodzoreredza simba munzvimbo dzekugara nedzekutengeserana, vanhu vanogona kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye kugadzira nzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzevana nemapoka evanhu vasina dziviriro.

Mukupedzisa, dambudziko remhepo muMonterrey chiyeuchidzo chakajeka chekudiwa kukuru kwemaitiro emaindasitiri akasimba uye manejimendi akanaka emhepo. Sezvo maindasitiri achiramba achishanda asina hanya nekukanganisa kwawo nharaunda, vanhu vemuMonterrey, pamwe neavo vari mune mamwe maguta akasvibiswa zvakanyanya, vachafanira kuvimba nezviito zvehurumende uye matekinoroji matsva akaita se maventilator ekudzoreredza simba mukamuri rimwe chete uye mafekitori ekudzoreredza simba remabhizinesi kuchengetedza hutano hwavo nekugara zvakanaka.